What is Kawasaki Disease?
Kawasaki disease is a childhood illness characterized by prolonged fever, rash, and inflammation of the blood vessels throughout the body, including the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart.
This condition was first described by a Japanese pediatrician in 1967. It primarily affects children under five years old, with boys being more commonly affected than girls.
Causes of Kawasaki Disease
The exact cause of Kawasaki disease remains unknown. Experts speculate that it may be triggered by an infection, possibly a virus or bacteria, along with genetic and environmental factors.
Symptoms of Kawasaki Disease
- Prolonged fever (lasting more than 5 days)
- Rash on the trunk
- Redness of the eyes
- Redness and swelling of the lips and tongue
- Swollen lymph nodes in the neck
Complications of Kawasaki Disease
If left untreated, Kawasaki disease can lead to serious heart complications, including:
- Coronary artery aneurysms
- Heart attack
- Heart failure
Treatment for Kawasaki Disease
Treatment for Kawasaki disease involves hospitalization and medication to prevent damage to the coronary arteries, including:
- Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)
- Aspirin
With timely treatment, the prognosis for most children is good. However, some may require additional treatment with IVIG or other medications.
Summary
Kawasaki disease is a serious but treatable childhood illness that primarily affects children under five years old. It is characterized by prolonged fever, rash, and inflammation of the blood vessels. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent potentially life-threatening complications, particularly to the heart.