Identifying venomous and non-venomous snakes is crucial for avoiding potentially dangerous encounters. While the provided information should be considered advisory, it can serve as a valuable reference guide.
Distinguishing Features
Eyes:
- Non-venomous snakes typically have round pupils, while venomous snakes have slit-like瞳孔.
- Exceptions include the round pupils of highly venomous snakes such as black mambas (Africa), cobras (Middle East, Asia, Africa), and taipans (Australia).
- Some non-venomous species can alter their pupil shape in response to danger.
Nose:
- Venomous snakes have a small pit between their eyes and nostrils.
- This pit detects heat, aiding them in locating prey.
Tail:
- Venomous snakes typically have their tail scales arranged in single rows.
- Non-venomous snakes have a double-keeled row of scales.
Head Shape:
- While non-venomous and venomous snakes can have similar head shapes, there are notable differences.
- Venomous snakes often have larger, triangular heads with narrow necks and short tails.
- Non-venomous snakes have smaller, oval heads with longer tails and a gradual taper beyond the vent.
Markings:
- Venomous snakes often have brightly colored markings or patterns with prominent diamond shapes or three or more colors.
- However, some exceptions exist.
Water Snakes
- Both venomous and non-venomous water snakes exist.
- Venomous water snakes tend to swim with their entire body above the water, while non-venomous species only expose their heads.
Teeth and Bite Marks
Venomous Snakes:
- Possess venom fangs.
- Two types of fangs: hook fangs with a venom-conducting groove or hollow tube fangs.
Non-venomous Snakes:
- Lack venom fangs.
- Bite marks show small, uniform rows of teeth.
Signs of Venomous Snake Bite
Neurotoxic Snake Bites (e.g., cobra):
- Pain at the bite site
- Numbness and weakness in legs
- Extreme fatigue and drowsiness
- Difficulty breathing
- Nausea and vomiting
- Muscle spasms
Hematotoxic Snake Bites (e.g., viper):
- Severe pain at the bite site
- Redness, swelling, and bruising
- Internal bleeding
- Nausea and vomiting
- Hypotension and faintness
Other Venomous Bites:
- Krait: Sore throat, difficulty opening the mouth, paralysis
- King cobra: Pain, swelling, respiratory and limb paralysis
- Sea snake: Muscle paralysis, hemolysis
What to Do if Bitten by a Venomous Snake
- Seek immediate medical attention.
- Bring the snake or a photo of it for identification.
- Do not attempt to suck venom out.
- Restrict movement to prevent the spread of venom.